The Noun Clause
जब कोई Subordinate clause, Principal clause की मुख्य क्रिया की भाँति कार्य करे, तो वह Noun clause कहलाता है। जैसे
1. The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
2. My mother said that she was ill.
पहचान तथा नियम–Noun clause के सभी conjunctions की हिन्दी करने पर उनके प्रथम अक्षर की ध्वनि ‘क’ से आरम्भ होती है।जैसे –
1. That – की
She said that she was ill.
उसने कहा कि वह बीमार थी।
2. What – क्या
You want to know what I do.
तुम जानना चाहते हो कि मैं क्या करता हूँ।
3. Who – कौन – व्यक्ति के लिए – Subject
I asked who that man was.
मैंने पूछा कि वह व्यक्ति कौन था।
4. Whom – किसे – व्यक्ति के लिए Objective case
Please tell me whom you meet.
कृपया मुझे बताओ किससे आप मिला करते हैं।
5. Whose – किसकी/किसका
Ram asked whose pen it was.
राम ने पूछा कि वह कलम किसका था।
6. Which किसे/किसको किसकी निर्जीव, या छोटे प्राणी
The leader asked of which party we were the members.
नेताजी ने पूछा कि हम किस पार्टी के सदस्य थे।
7. When – कब – समय के लिए
He asked when he would return.
उसने पूछा कि वह कब लौटेगा।
8. Where – कहाँ–स्थान के लिए
You asked where we were going.
उसने पूछा कि हम कहाँ जा रहे हैं।
9. Why क्यों – कारण के लिए
The President asked the Secretary why their party was defeated.
अध्यक्ष ने सचिव से पूछा कि उनका दल क्यों हार गया।
10. How – कैसे, कैसी/कैसा
The artist was anxious to know how his paintings were appreciated.
कलाकार यह जानने को उत्सुक था कि उसके चित्रों की कैसी सराहना हुई।
11. If या whether – क्या प्रश्न पूछने के लिए
यदि किसी Subordinate clause का उत्तर Yes या No में हो तो conjunction if या whether प्रयोग होता है
The father asked if/whether I would take my meal at the house in the evening
पिताजी ने पूछा कि क्या मैं शाम को खाना घर पर खाऊँगा।
Functions of Noun Clause (Noun Clause के कार्य)
(1) Subject of the verb, जैसे –
What he said was true.
That he will succeed is certain.
What he said was very strange.
Why he came here is not clear.
When she left the townis a mystery.
Note – यदि कोई clause Principal clause से पहले आता है तो वह subject to the verb का कार्य करता है
(2) Object of the Verb जैसे –
He said that he was a good boy.
I know that you will pass.
I know why he is absent.
Have you heard what has happened?
Lata said that she knew the answer.
Note –Principal clause से बाद में ‘क्या’ लगाने पर उत्तर मिलता हो तो वह object to the verb का कार्य करता
(3) Object to the Preposition; जैसे –
You should not rely on what he says.
Listen to what the teacher says.
I am not impressed by what he did.
Please attend to what the child says.
(4) A complement to the Verb जैसे –
It seems that she will come soon.
It seems that it will rain.
This is what he said.
Life is what we make it.
The fact is that she has deceived me.
(5) Object to a Gerund (ing) जैसे –
He is in the habit of abusing whoever comes before him.
He believes in enjoying whatever he can get.
(6) Case in Apposition with Noun or Pronoun or “It’; जैसे –
The news that she died is wrong.
It was clear that she was a beauty.
It is clear that he is a knave.
It is strange that he does not know his own name.
(7) Object to a Participle; जैसे –
The judge made free believing that he was innocent.
He went away thinking that it would not rain.
He came to me thinking that I would help him.
He went out of the room saying that he would come back soon.
(8) Object to an Infinitive; जैसे –
She wants to say that she is honest.
I want to know how he failed.
The teacher wants to know how far he is right.
Note –
Ø Noun clause सदैव हिन्दी के ‘क’ शब्द से आरम्भ होता है।
Øयदि Noun clause Assertive वाक्य है, तो Conjunction ‘that’ लगाते हैं।
Øयदि Subordinate clause प्रश्नवाचक है, तो Conjunction that’ नहीं आता। प्रश्नसूचक शब्द (what, which, why) आदि से Noun clause को जोड़ते हैं।
ØMain clause Assertive तथा Noun clause प्रश्नवाचक है, तो वाक्य के अन्त में प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह (?) नहीं लगाते हैं।
Øयदि Principal तथा Noun clause दोनों ही प्रश्नवाचक हैं, तो प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह (?) वाक्य के अन्त में लगाते हैं।
Øयदि Principal clause Present Tense में हो, तो Noun clause किसी भी Tense में हो सकता है।
Ø यदि यह पता न चले कि कोई clause Noun clause है या नहीं, तो Noun clause के स्थान पर something रखकर देखते हैं यदि पूरा अर्थ निकले तो clauses निश्चित रूप से Noun clause है। जैसे I knew that Harendra would come. यदि that Harendra would come के स्थान पर something रखो तो वाक्य बनेगा I knew something इसका अर्थ निकलता है, अतः यह Noun clause है।
